P-cresol

P-cresol is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃C₆H₄OH. It is a type of cresol, which is a methylphenol. P-cresol is one of the three isomers of cresol, the others being o-cresol and m-cresol. The "p" in p-cresol stands for "para," indicating that the hydroxyl group (OH) and the methyl group (CH₃) are positioned opposite each other on the benzene ring.

Chemical Properties

P-cresol is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic phenolic odor. It is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. The compound has a melting point of 35.5°C and a boiling point of 202°C.

Production

P-cresol can be produced through various methods, including the alkylation of phenol with methanol in the presence of a catalyst. It can also be obtained from the distillation of coal tar and as a byproduct in the production of wood preservatives.

Applications

P-cresol is used in the manufacture of various chemicals and products. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of antioxidants, disinfectants, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of resins and plasticizers.

Health Effects

Exposure to p-cresol can have various health effects. It is known to be an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure can lead to more severe health issues, including damage to the liver and kidneys. P-cresol is also a component of uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Environmental Impact

P-cresol can be released into the environment through industrial processes and the degradation of organic matter. It is considered toxic to aquatic life and can contribute to environmental pollution if not properly managed.

Related Pages

• Cresol
• Phenol
• Methylphenol
• Coal tar
• Antioxidants
• Disinfectants
• Pharmaceuticals
• Resins
• Plasticizers
• Uremic toxins
• Chronic kidney disease

See Also

• O-cresol
• M-cresol