P2RX2

P2RX2 or P2X purinoceptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX2 gene. It is a member of the P2X receptor family, a group of ATP-gated ion channels. P2RX2 has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including neurotransmission, inflammation, and hearing.

Structure

The P2RX2 protein is a trimeric, non-selective cation channel that opens in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Each subunit of the trimer is composed of two transmembrane domains, with both the N- and C-termini located intracellularly. The extracellular loop between the two transmembrane domains forms the ATP-binding site.

Function

P2RX2 receptors are found in a variety of tissues, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and immune system. They play a role in neurotransmission, inflammation, and sensory transduction. In the auditory system, P2RX2 receptors are critical for the function of cochlear hair cells, and mutations in the P2RX2 gene have been associated with deafness.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the P2RX2 gene have been linked to autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness, a form of hearing loss that affects only the ears and does not cause other health problems. Research is ongoing to develop therapies that target P2RX2 receptors for the treatment of various conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See also

• P2X receptor
• Adenosine triphosphate
• Neurotransmission
• Inflammation
• Hearing

References

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