PANO1

PANO1
Identifiers
Symbol	?
NCBI gene	100507053
RefSeq	NM_001145026
UniProt	Q8N8U9
Search for Structures Swiss-model Domains InterPro

PANO1 (Pannexin 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PANO1 gene. Pannexin 1 is a member of the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins, which are homologous to the invertebrate innexins. Pannexins are known for their role in forming large-pore, non-selective channels that allow the passage of ions and small molecules across the cell membrane.

Structure

Pannexin 1 is a transmembrane protein that typically forms hexameric channels in the plasma membrane. These channels are permeable to ions and small molecules such as ATP, which can be released into the extracellular space. The structure of pannexin 1 channels is similar to that of gap junction proteins, although pannexins do not form gap junctions themselves.

Function

Pannexin 1 channels are involved in various physiological processes, including:

• ATP Release: Pannexin 1 channels facilitate the release of ATP from cells, which can act as a signaling molecule in various tissues.
• Inflammation: Pannexin 1 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses, particularly through its role in ATP release and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors.
• Apoptosis: During apoptosis, pannexin 1 channels can become activated, contributing to the release of "find-me" signals that attract phagocytes to clear apoptotic cells.
• Neuronal Signaling: In the nervous system, pannexin 1 channels are involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in PANO1 expression or function have been associated with various pathological conditions, including:

• Epilepsy: Dysregulation of pannexin 1 channels has been linked to seizure activity.
• Inflammatory Diseases: Given its role in inflammation, pannexin 1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diseases characterized by excessive inflammation.
• Cancer: Pannexin 1 expression has been studied in the context of tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Research Directions

Current research on PANO1 focuses on understanding its precise role in cellular signaling and its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies are exploring the modulation of pannexin 1 channels in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

Also see

• Gap junction
• ATP signaling
• Inflammation
• Apoptosis
• Neuronal plasticity