PIK3CG

Overview

PIK3CG is a gene that encodes the catalytic subunit gamma of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking. The PI3K pathway is a critical signal transduction pathway that is activated by various growth factors and hormones.

Structure

The PIK3CG gene is located on chromosome 7q22.3 and consists of multiple exons. The protein product of PIK3CG, known as p110γ, is a 110 kDa protein that forms a heterodimer with a regulatory subunit, typically p101 or p84. This heterodimer is responsible for the lipid kinase activity that converts phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3).

Function

PIK3CG plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in leukocytes. It is involved in the signaling pathways that regulate the migration and activation of immune cells. The p110γ subunit is unique among PI3K isoforms because it is activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are important for chemotaxis and other immune responses.

Clinical Significance

Mutations or dysregulation of PIK3CG have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and immune disorders. In cancer, PIK3CG can contribute to tumor growth and survival by activating downstream signaling pathways such as AKT/mTOR. Inhibitors targeting PIK3CG are being explored as potential therapeutic agents in oncology and inflammatory diseases.

Research and Development

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the specific roles of PIK3CG in different cell types and disease contexts. There is significant interest in developing selective inhibitors that can modulate PIK3CG activity without affecting other PI3K isoforms, to minimize side effects and improve therapeutic outcomes.

Also see

• Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
• Signal transduction
• G-protein-coupled receptor
• AKT/mTOR pathway
• Cancer biology