General transcription factor

General transcription factors (GTFs) are a group of proteins that are necessary for the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA. They are part of the transcription machinery that is involved in the process of gene expression.

Function

General transcription factors are essential for the initiation of transcription. They bind to specific sites on the DNA molecule and help to recruit the RNA polymerase to the transcription start site. This process is crucial for the accurate and efficient synthesis of RNA molecules.

Types of General Transcription Factors

There are several types of general transcription factors, each with a specific role in the transcription process. These include:

• TFIIA: This factor stabilizes the binding of TBP (TATA-binding protein) to the TATA box.
• TFIIB: This factor helps to position the RNA polymerase at the start site of transcription.
• TFIID: This factor is a complex of proteins that includes the TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs).
• TFIIE: This factor is involved in the transition from transcription initiation to transcription elongation.
• TFIIF: This factor helps to stabilize the RNA polymerase and prevent it from dissociating from the DNA.
• TFIIH: This factor has several functions, including the unwinding of DNA and the phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase.

Role in Disease

Alterations in the function of general transcription factors can lead to various diseases. For example, mutations in the genes encoding these factors have been associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders.

See Also

• Transcription (genetics)
• RNA polymerase
• Gene expression
• Protein biosynthesis