Paget disease of the nipple

Paget disease of the nipple is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the nipple and the area surrounding it, known as the areola. It was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874, hence the name.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Paget disease of the nipple are often mistaken for skin conditions such as eczema or dermatitis. Symptoms may include:

• Redness, flaking, and itching of the nipple or areola
• A flattened nipple
• Discharge from the nipple that may be yellowish or bloody

Causes

The exact cause of Paget disease of the nipple is unknown. However, most researchers believe that the disease starts in the ducts of the breast and spreads to the nipple and areola.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Paget disease of the nipple is often delayed due to its resemblance to benign skin conditions. A biopsy of the nipple skin is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Other tests such as a mammogram or ultrasound may also be used to check for underlying breast cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for Paget disease of the nipple usually involves surgery to remove the affected breast tissue. This may be followed by radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, chemotherapy or hormone therapy may also be recommended.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Paget disease of the nipple depends on a variety of factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of underlying breast cancer. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.

See also

• Breast cancer
• Mammary ductal carcinoma
• Invasive lobular carcinoma