Panaeolus tropicalis

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Panaeolus tropicalis is a species of mushroom in the family Bolbitiaceae. It is known for its psychoactive properties due to the presence of psilocybin and psilocin. This species is commonly found in tropical regions and is often associated with dung.

Description

Panaeolus tropicalis has a distinctive appearance. The cap is typically 1.5 to 4 cm in diameter, conic to convex in shape, and becomes broadly convex to plane with age. The cap surface is smooth, hygrophanous, and changes color as it dries, ranging from dark brown to a lighter tan. The gills are adnexed to adnate, close, and initially pale gray, becoming blackish as the spores mature. The stipe is 4 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3 mm thick, and is equal or slightly enlarged at the base. It is white to yellowish, smooth, and hollow.

Distribution and Habitat

Panaeolus tropicalis is found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It typically grows on dung of herbivores, particularly in pastures and fields. This species has been reported in regions such as Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America.

Psychoactive Properties

Panaeolus tropicalis contains the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin, which are responsible for its hallucinogenic effects. These compounds interact with the serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to altered perception, mood, and thought processes. The potency of Panaeolus tropicalis can vary, and its effects are similar to those of other psilocybin mushrooms.

Taxonomy

Panaeolus tropicalis was first described by the mycologist E. W. Gerhardt in 1996. It belongs to the genus Panaeolus, which includes several other psychoactive species.

Similar Species

Panaeolus tropicalis can be confused with other species in the genus Panaeolus, such as Panaeolus cyanescens and Panaeolus cambodginiensis. These species share similar habitats and morphological characteristics but can be distinguished by microscopic features and chemical analysis.

Legal Status

The legal status of Panaeolus tropicalis varies by country. In many places, the possession, sale, and use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms are regulated or prohibited. It is important to be aware of local laws and regulations regarding these substances.

See Also

• Psilocybin mushrooms
• Psychoactive fungi
• Mycology
• Entheogen