Panama

File:Panama National Anthem.ogg

PAN orthographic

Mapa de Panamá (fronteras)

Panama Embera0605

Balboa südsee

New Caledonia in Darien

Panama, officially known as the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City. Panama is known for the Panama Canal, a man-made waterway that cuts through the country, linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to provide a crucial shipping route.

History

The area of modern Panama was originally inhabited by various indigenous tribes before the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century. It became part of the Spanish Empire and was a significant link in the global trade routes, especially for the transport of silver from the Americas to Spain. Panama declared independence from Spain in 1821 and joined the Gran Colombia, a union of several South American nations. However, it separated from Colombia in 1903 with the support of the United States, primarily due to the interest in building the Panama Canal.

Geography

Panama is characterized by a tropical climate, with a landscape varying from beaches to mountains and rainforests. The Panama Canal divides the country into eastern and western halves. To the east of the canal lies the Darién Gap, a dense jungle that forms a break in the Pan-American Highway, a road that stretches across the Americas.

Economy

Panama's economy is one of the most stable in Central America, with the Panama Canal being a significant contributor to its GDP. The canal not only serves as a key conduit for international maritime trade but also attracts tourism. Other major sectors include banking, commerce, and tourism. Panama uses the U.S. dollar as its de facto currency, providing a stable monetary environment.

Culture

Panamanian culture is a blend of African, Spanish, and Indigenous influences, reflected in its music, dance, and cuisine. The country is famous for its traditional hat, the Panama hat, which is actually of Ecuadorian origin. Festivals, such as the colorful Carnival of Panama, showcase the country's rich cultural heritage.

Biodiversity

Panama is home to an abundant variety of plants and animals, thanks to its diverse habitats. This biodiversity is protected in several national parks and wildlife reserves. The country acts as a bridge between North and South America, allowing fauna from both continents to coexist.

Demographics

The population of Panama is a mix of mestizo (mixed Indigenous and European ancestry), African, and European descent. Spanish is the official language, with several Indigenous languages also recognized. The majority of the population is Roman Catholic, with a significant Protestant minority.

Government

Panama is a democratic republic with a presidential system. The President of Panama is both the head of state and government. The country is divided into provinces and indigenous regions known as comarcas.

Transportation

Besides the Panama Canal, the country has an extensive transportation network including roads, railways, and airports. Tocumen International Airport in Panama City is the largest airport and serves as a major hub for international flights.

Education

Education in Panama is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 15. The country has a number of public and private universities, with the University of Panama being the largest and oldest.

Healthcare

Panama offers a high standard of healthcare, with a mix of public and private facilities. The government provides universal healthcare to its citizens and residents.