Costa Rica

File:Costa Rica National Anthem.ogg

Stone spheres of Costa Rica. Museo Nacional

Iglesia Inmaculada Concepcion Ujarras

First postal stamp CR 4 Reales 1863

Koppen-Geiger Map CRI present

Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of approximately 5 million in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers. San José is the capital and largest city.

History

Costa Rica was sparsely inhabited by indigenous peoples before coming under Spanish rule in the 16th century. It became a part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Costa Rica declared its independence from Spain on September 15, 1821, and subsequently became part of the First Mexican Empire and then the Federal Republic of Central America, before gaining full sovereignty in 1838. Its history has been more peaceful than many of its neighbors, with the country abolishing its army in 1949, following a brief civil war. This has contributed to Costa Rica's status as a stable country in the region.

Geography

Costa Rica is known for its diverse ecosystems, including rainforests, beaches, volcanoes, and rivers. The country is divided into several regions: the Central Valley, where the majority of the population lives; the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, which are known for their beaches and tourist resorts; and the northern plains, which are rich in biodiversity. Costa Rica's commitment to environmental conservation is evident in its protected areas, which cover about 25% of the country's land area, the highest percentage in the world.

Economy

The economy of Costa Rica is heavily dependent on tourism, agriculture (especially bananas and coffee), and electronics exports. The country has been successful in attracting foreign investment, particularly in the technology sector. Costa Rica's development strategy is focused on sustainability and includes ambitious goals to become carbon neutral.

Culture

Costa Rican culture is a vibrant blend of indigenous heritage and Spanish colonial influence, with a dash of Afro-Caribbean flair. This is reflected in the country's music, dance, festivals, and cuisine. The phrase "Pura Vida" (pure life) encapsulates the Costa Rican approach to life, emphasizing happiness, well-being, and simplicity.

Government and Politics

Costa Rica is a democratic republic with a strong system of constitutional checks and balances. The President of Costa Rica serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The country is known for its long-standing tradition of peaceful democratic governance and has not had a standing army since 1949.

Biodiversity

Costa Rica is one of the world's most biodiverse countries, home to a wide variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic. This biodiversity is a significant draw for eco-tourism, which plays a crucial role in the country's economy. The government's dedication to conservation is supported by an extensive system of national parks and protected areas.

Education

The education system in Costa Rica is highly regarded, with compulsory schooling until the 11th grade and a literacy rate of over 97%. The country has several universities, with the University of Costa Rica being the most prestigious.

Health Care

Costa Rica provides universal health care to its citizens and residents, offering high-quality medical services. The country's health care system is ranked highly in Latin America and is a popular destination for medical tourism.