Choroid plexus papilloma

Choroid Plexus Papilloma

File:Choroid plexus papilloma MRI.jpg

MRI scan showing a choroid plexus papilloma in the lateral ventricle.

Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the choroid plexus tissue in the ventricular system of the brain. This tumor is classified as a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumor, indicating its non-malignant nature. Despite being benign, it can cause significant clinical symptoms due to its location and the potential for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction.

Pathophysiology

The choroid plexus is responsible for the production of CSF, which cushions the brain and spinal cord. A choroid plexus papilloma can lead to an overproduction of CSF, resulting in hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the brain. This can increase intracranial pressure and cause symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with choroid plexus papilloma may present with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure. In infants, this can manifest as an increase in head size, irritability, and poor feeding. In older children and adults, symptoms may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Seizures and focal neurological deficits can also occur depending on the tumor's location.

Diagnosis

File:Choroid plexus papilloma histology.jpg

Histological image of a choroid plexus papilloma showing papillary structures.

Diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma is typically made using imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan, which can reveal a well-circumscribed mass within the ventricles. The tumor often appears as a lobulated mass with a cauliflower-like appearance. Histological examination following surgical resection confirms the diagnosis, showing papillary structures lined by a single layer of epithelial cells.

Treatment

The primary treatment for choroid plexus papilloma is surgical resection. Complete removal of the tumor often results in a cure, and symptoms related to hydrocephalus may resolve postoperatively. In cases where complete resection is not possible, additional treatments such as ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to manage hydrocephalus may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with choroid plexus papilloma is generally excellent following complete surgical resection. Recurrence is rare, and long-term outcomes are favorable. However, the presence of hydrocephalus and the need for shunt placement can affect quality of life and require ongoing management.

Related Pages

• Choroid plexus
• Hydrocephalus
• Brain tumor
• Ventricular system