Paramethoxymethamphetamine

Paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) is a psychoactive drug that is structurally related to both amphetamine and methamphetamine, as well as the better-known substance 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy. Unlike MDMA, which has widespread recognition and research regarding its effects, PMMA is less well-known and has been associated with several adverse health effects, including fatalities. It acts primarily as a serotonin releasing agent, which can lead to serotonin syndrome in high doses or when combined with other substances.

Chemistry

PMMA belongs to the substituted amphetamine class of compounds, specifically, it is a methoxy derivative of methamphetamine. Its chemical name is 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine. The presence of the methoxy group at the para position of the phenyl ring differentiates it from MDMA, which has two methoxy groups at the 3,4 positions of the phenyl ring.

Pharmacology

The pharmacological action of PMMA is primarily as a serotonin releasing agent, with lesser effects on dopamine and norepinephrine release. This action is responsible for its psychoactive effects, which can include euphoria, increased empathy, and altered sensory perception. However, the drug's ability to significantly increase serotonin levels can lead to dangerous increases in body temperature and serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Effects

The effects of PMMA can vary widely among individuals, but generally include both psychological and physiological components. Psychological effects can include feelings of euphoria, emotional warmth, and heightened sensory perception. Physiological effects may include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, hyperthermia, and in severe cases, seizures or cardiac arrest.

Risks and Toxicity

PMMA has been linked to several adverse events, including fatalities. The risk of overdose is particularly high due to its potent serotonin-releasing effects and the fact that it is often mistaken for MDMA. Users expecting the effects of MDMA may inadvertently consume high doses of PMMA, leading to severe or fatal outcomes. Symptoms of overdose can include hyperthermia, agitation, hallucinations, and cardiovascular collapse.

Legal Status

The legal status of PMMA varies by country, but it is generally classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and harm.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
• 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
• Serotonin syndrome
• Psychoactive drug