Paratrooper

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U.S. Army, British and Italian paratroopers Pordenone, Italy 191203-A-JM436-0590C

Defense.gov photo essay 071208-F-5888B-041

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Military parachuting in Argentina

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Paratrooper refers to a type of soldier trained in parachuting into an operation and often functioning as part of an airborne force. Paratroopers are deployed in a variety of roles including assault operations, reconnaissance, and support functions. They have been an integral component of military operations since their first widespread use during World War II.

History

The concept of paratroopers emerged in the early 20th century, with several countries experimenting with airborne forces. The Soviet Union was among the first to establish a paratrooper unit in the 1930s, but it was during World War II that paratroopers were extensively used by the Allies and Axis powers. Notable operations involving paratroopers include the German invasions of Belgium and the Netherlands in 1940, the Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day, and Operation Market Garden.

Training

Paratrooper training is rigorous and includes physical conditioning, survival skills, tactical training, and, most importantly, parachute training. Trainees must learn how to exit an aircraft, navigate through the air during descent, and land safely. They are also trained in various types of parachutes and jumping techniques, including static line jumps and free fall jumps.

Equipment

The equipment of a paratrooper includes the parachute and other airborne operation-specific gear. Modern paratroopers are often equipped with steerable parachutes, which allow for greater control over landing areas. In addition to personal weapons, paratroopers may carry additional equipment such as radios, navigation aids, and sometimes even light vehicles.

Roles and Operations

Paratroopers are employed in a variety of roles:

• Assault Operations: Conducting surprise attacks behind enemy lines.
• Reconnaissance: Gathering intelligence in enemy territory.
• Support: Providing support to ground forces with manpower, equipment, or firepower.

Their ability to be rapidly deployed in areas that are not accessible by traditional means makes them a valuable asset in modern military strategy.

Modern Paratroopers

Today, many countries maintain airborne units that include paratroopers. These units are often considered elite forces due to the demanding nature of their training and the complexity of their missions. Modern technology and tactics continue to evolve, enhancing the effectiveness of paratroopers in combat and support roles.

See Also

• Airborne forces
• Military parachuting
• Special forces