Parietal peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum is the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdomen. It is one of the two layers of the peritoneum, the other being the visceral peritoneum. The parietal peritoneum is attached to the abdominal wall and extends to the undersurface of the diaphragm. It helps in the formation of the peritoneal cavity, which is a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.

Structure

The parietal peritoneum is a thin, transparent membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, and temperature.

Function

The main function of the parietal peritoneum is to provide a smooth, frictionless surface that allows the movement of the viscera within the abdomen. It also helps to protect the abdominal organs and provides a pathway for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the viscera.

Clinical significance

Inflammation of the parietal peritoneum, known as peritonitis, can occur due to various causes such as infection, injury, or a perforated abdominal organ. Symptoms of peritonitis include severe abdominal pain, fever, and a feeling of general illness. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and sometimes surgery.

See also

• Peritoneum
• Visceral peritoneum
• Peritonitis