Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia

Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) is a type of tachycardia that originates in the atria of the heart. It is characterized by sudden, brief episodes of rapid heart rate that start and stop abruptly. These episodes can occur without any apparent cause and may last from a few seconds to several hours. PAT is considered a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which encompasses a group of tachycardias that originate above the heart's ventricles.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PAT is not always clear, but it can be associated with several factors, including:

• Stress and anxiety
• Caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco use
• Certain medications and drugs
• Underlying heart conditions, such as atrial fibrillation or heart disease
• Hormonal imbalances
• Electrolyte imbalance

Symptoms

Symptoms of PAT can vary from person to person but commonly include:

• Palpitations (a feeling of rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeats)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Fatigue
• Anxiety

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PAT typically involves a review of the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and various tests, including:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to measure the heart's electrical activity
• Holter monitor, a portable ECG device worn for 24 to 48 hours to record heart activity during normal activities
• Event monitor, similar to a Holter monitor but used for longer periods to capture intermittent symptoms
• Echocardiogram to visualize the heart's structure and function

Treatment

Treatment for PAT aims to control the episodes, manage symptoms, and prevent complications. Options may include:

• Lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, managing stress, and quitting smoking
• Medications, including beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic drugs, to control heart rate and rhythm
• Cardioversion, a procedure that uses electricity to reset the heart's rhythm to normal
• Catheter ablation, a minimally invasive procedure to destroy the area of heart tissue causing the abnormal rhythm

Prevention

Preventive measures for PAT focus on addressing the underlying causes and risk factors. These may include lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring for those with known heart conditions, and appropriate management of related health issues.

See Also

• Atrial fibrillation
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Electrophysiology study
• Heart disease