Pattern recognition receptor

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a primitive part of the immune system. They are proteins that recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens but distinguishable from host molecules, collectively referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They are also known to detect damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are associated with cell damage.

Function

PRRs play a crucial role in the proper function of the innate immune system. They are germline-encoded host sensors, which detect molecules typical for the pathogens. They are proteins expressed by cells of the innate immune system to identify two classes of molecules: PAMPs and DAMPs present in pathogens or cellular debris respectively.

Types

There are several types of PRRs. These include:

• Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
• NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
• RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)
• C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
• AIM2-like receptors (ALRs)

Role in disease

PRRs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. They can also contribute to sepsis and inflammatory diseases.

See also

• Innate immune system
• Adaptive immune system
• Immune response