Pedaliaceae

Uncarina grandidieri1

Pedaliaceae is a family of flowering plants known commonly as the sesame family. It includes both annual and perennial herbs and shrubs, which are primarily found in Africa, with some species in Asia and Australia. The family is significant for its economic importance, particularly for Sesamum indicum, the plant from which sesame seeds and sesame oil are derived. Sesame seeds are highly valued for their oil, which is exceptionally resistant to rancidity.

Characteristics

Members of the Pedaliaceae family are characterized by their unique flower structure, which often includes a tubular corolla and bilabiate (two-lipped) form. The flowers are typically large and showy, with a variety of colors depending on the species. The leaves of these plants are usually simple and can be either opposite or alternate, with some species having toothed or lobed margins.

The fruit of Pedaliaceae plants is distinctive, often forming a capsule that splits open upon maturation to release the seeds. In some species, the fruit is equipped with hooks or sticky glands that adhere to animals, aiding in seed dispersal.

Genera

The Pedaliaceae family comprises several genera, with Sesamum being the most well-known due to its agricultural value. Other notable genera include Harpagophytum (devil's claw), known for its medicinal properties, and Uncarina, which is popular among ornamental plant enthusiasts.

• Sesamum – The genus includes the commercially cultivated sesame.
• Harpagophytum – Known for species with medicinal uses, particularly Harpagophytum procumbens.
• Uncarina – Contains species that are valued for their decorative flowers and unique fruit.

Ecology

Pedaliaceae plants are adapted to a variety of ecological niches, ranging from arid deserts to tropical regions. They are often found in open, sunny environments where their flowers can attract a range of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and birds. The adaptation mechanisms of Pedaliaceae species, such as water storage in tissues or deep root systems, allow them to survive in challenging environments.

Economic Importance

The primary economic value of the Pedaliaceae family lies in the cultivation of Sesamum indicum for sesame seeds. Sesame seeds are a source of protein, oil, and antioxidants, making them a valuable crop for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. The oil extracted from sesame seeds is used in cooking, as a salad dressing, and in the manufacture of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Conservation

Some species within the Pedaliaceae family are considered at risk due to habitat loss, overharvesting, and climate change. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of these species, many of which have potential uses in medicine and agriculture that are not yet fully explored.