Pediatric trauma

Pediatric trauma refers to the traumatic injuries that occur in children and adolescents. Due to their unique anatomy and physiology, children are not just small adults and thus, the approach to their treatment differs significantly. Pediatric trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is often preventable.

Epidemiology

Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children over the age of one in the United States. The most common causes of pediatric trauma include motor vehicle accidents, falls, and child abuse. Boys are more likely to experience trauma than girls, and the risk increases with age.

Pathophysiology

Children have unique anatomical and physiological characteristics that influence their response to trauma. For example, their heads are proportionally larger than adults, which increases the risk of head injury. Their airways are smaller and more easily obstructed, and their chest walls are more flexible, which can mask the signs of a pneumothorax.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pediatric trauma involves a thorough history and physical examination, as well as the use of diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasound. The Pediatric Trauma Score is a commonly used tool to assess the severity of a child's injuries.

Treatment

The treatment of pediatric trauma involves addressing immediate life-threatening injuries, assessing and managing less severe injuries, and providing supportive care. This may involve surgery, medication, and physical therapy. The goal is to minimize disability and promote recovery.

Prevention

Prevention of pediatric trauma involves measures such as the use of car seats and seat belts, safe play environments, and education about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. Child abuse prevention is also a key component of pediatric trauma prevention.

See also

• Trauma center
• Trauma surgery
• Pediatric surgery
• Child abuse
• Injury prevention