Pelargonic acid

An overview of pelargonic acid, its properties, and uses

Pelargonic acid

Structural formula of pelargonic acid

Pelargonic acid, also known as nonanoic acid, is a naturally occurring fatty acid with the chemical formula C_H__O_. It is a colorless, oily liquid with an unpleasant, rancid odor. Pelargonic acid is a member of the carboxylic acid family and is classified as a saturated fatty acid.

Chemical properties

Pelargonic acid is a monocarboxylic acid with a nine-carbon chain. It is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. The acid has a melting point of approximately 12.5 °C and a boiling point of 254 °C. Its molecular weight is 158.24 g/mol.

Occurrence

Pelargonic acid is found in nature as a component of the essential oils of certain plants, such as geraniums. It is also present in small amounts in animal fats and vegetable oils. The name "pelargonic" is derived from the genus Pelargonium, from which the acid was first isolated.

Uses

Pelargonic acid is used in various industrial applications. It is a precursor to esters used in perfumes and flavorings. The acid is also employed as a herbicide, particularly in organic farming, due to its ability to disrupt plant cell membranes.

In the cosmetic industry, pelargonic acid is used as an ingredient in emollients and skin conditioning agents. It is also used in the production of plasticizers and lubricants.

Safety and environmental impact

Pelargonic acid is considered to be of low toxicity to humans and animals. However, it can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. In the environment, it is biodegradable and does not persist, making it a relatively eco-friendly option for agricultural use.

Related pages

• Fatty acid
• Carboxylic acid
• Herbicide
• Pelargonium