Pentanoic acid

Pentanoic acid, also known as valeric acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C5H10O2. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has a very unpleasant odor. It is found in the perennial flowering plant valerian (Valeriana officinalis), from which it gets its name.

Chemical Structure

Pentanoic acid is a five-carbon saturated fatty acid. Its structure consists of a chain of five carbon atoms, with a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to one end. The other four carbon atoms are each bonded to two hydrogen atoms, with the remaining bonds forming a single bond with the next carbon atom in the chain.

Properties

Pentanoic acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a strong, unpleasant odor. It is slightly soluble in water and fully soluble in alcohol. It has a pKa of 4.82, making it a weak acid.

Production

Pentanoic acid can be produced by the oxidation of pentanol. It can also be synthesized from butyraldehyde through the oxidation process.

Uses

Pentanoic acid is used in the production of esters, which are used in the perfume and flavor industries. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Safety

Pentanoic acid is corrosive and can cause burns to the skin and eyes. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled, and can cause respiratory irritation.

See also

• Carboxylic acid
• Valerian (herb)
• Ester
• Chemical intermediate