Pepper spray

Pepper spray, also known as OC spray (from "Oleoresin Capsicum"), OC gas, capsicum spray, or (in the United States) mace, is a lachrymatory agent (a compound that irritates the eyes to cause a burning sensation, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, taking away vision. This temporary blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath.

Composition

Pepper spray is an aerosol substance used for self-defense. When sprayed into the eyes, it causes an intense burning sensation. The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chilis. Extraction of oleoresin capsicum (OC) from peppers involves finely ground capsicum, from which capsaicin is extracted in an organic solvent such as ethanol. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining waxlike resin is the oleoresin capsicum.

Effects

The effects of pepper spray are far-reaching, affecting the eyes, breathing, and skin. When sprayed into the eyes, it causes immediate dilation of the capillaries, resulting in temporary blindness and eye pain. It can also lead to temporary paralysis of the larynx, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing. On the skin, it can cause burning and tingling sensations.

Use in law enforcement

Pepper spray is commonly used in law enforcement for crowd control, suspect apprehension, and personal self-defense. It is considered a less-lethal force option with a lower risk of fatality than other options such as a firearm.

Use in self-defense

Pepper spray is also used by private individuals for personal self-defense against attackers. It is often sold in small, easily concealed aerosol cans.

Legal status

The legal status of pepper spray varies by country and state. In some places, it is fully legal for anyone to buy, carry, and use. In others, it is restricted or completely banned.

See also

• Tear gas
• Riot control
• Self-defense
• Non-lethal weapon

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