Perideridia

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Perideridiamontana

Wild dill (Perideridia americana)

Perideridia bolanderi (34489290904)

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Perideridia erythrorhiza Lois Shoemaker lg

Perideridia gairdneri 1

J20160721-0005—Perideridia kelloggii—RPBG (28442798402)

Perideridia is a genus of flowering plants in the Apiaceae family, commonly known as yampah. The genus is native to North America, where it is distributed widely across the United States and Canada. Perideridia species are herbaceous, perennial plants known for their umbels of white flowers and edible tuberous roots, which have historically been an important food source for various Indigenous peoples in North America.

Description

Perideridia plants typically feature compound leaves that are finely divided and fern-like in appearance. The plants produce characteristic umbels of small, white flowers, which are a common trait within the Apiaceae family. The roots of Perideridia species are tuberous and have been compared to small potatoes in appearance and texture. These roots are rich in starch and were traditionally harvested for their nutritional value.

Taxonomy

The genus Perideridia was first described by botanists in the 19th century. It belongs to the large Apiaceae family, which also includes well-known plants such as carrots, celery, and parsley. Within the Apiaceae, Perideridia is part of the subfamily Apioideae, a group characterized by its members' umbel-shaped flower clusters.

Distribution and Habitat

Perideridia species are found throughout various habitats in North America, from grasslands and prairies to mountainous regions. They prefer well-drained soils and can often be found in open, sunny locations. The wide distribution of Perideridia reflects the genus's adaptability to different environmental conditions.

Ecological Role

The flowers of Perideridia species attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies, which play a crucial role in the reproductive cycle of these plants. Additionally, the plants are a food source for various animals, both through their foliage and their nutritious roots.

Uses

Historically, Perideridia roots were an important food source for many Indigenous peoples in North America. The roots were typically harvested in the late summer or early fall, then dried or cooked for consumption. Today, Perideridia species are sometimes cultivated in gardens for their attractive flowers and edible roots, though they are not as commonly grown as other root vegetables.

Conservation

While many Perideridia species are abundant and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and overharvesting of wild populations for their edible roots have led to declines in some areas. Conservation efforts focus on protecting natural habitats and promoting sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the longevity of these species.

Selected Species

Some notable species within the genus Perideridia include:

• Perideridia americana – American yampah
• Perideridia gairdneri – Gairdner's yampah
• Perideridia oregana – Oregon yampah

See Also

• Apiaceae
• Edible plants of the Native Americans
• Root vegetable