Perilla frutescens var. crispa

Perilla frutescens var. crispa', commonly known as shiso, is a variety of Perilla frutescens, a species in the mint family (Lamiaceae). This plant is native to the mountainous regions of China and India, but it has been widely cultivated in Japan, Korea, and other parts of Asia for centuries. Shiso is recognized for its distinctive flavor and is used in a variety of culinary applications, as well as in traditional medicine.

Description

Perilla frutescens var. crispa is an annual plant that can grow up to 60-90 cm in height. Its leaves are broad, often crinkled, with a unique, serrated edge and can vary in color from green to purple. The plant produces small, tubular flowers that range in color from white to pink in late summer to early autumn. The seeds of the plant are small, round, and can be either red or black, depending on the variety.

Culinary Uses

Shiso is highly valued in Asian cuisine for its aromatic leaves, which have a flavor that is described as a combination of mint, basil, and cinnamon with hints of citrus and anise. In Japanese cuisine, green varieties are often used as a garnish for sushi and sashimi, mixed into salads, or added to soups. The purple variety is used to color and flavor pickled plums and to dye rice for dishes such as umeboshi onigiri. In Korean cuisine, perilla leaves are used in salads, as a wrap for grilled meats, and in fermented dishes such as kimchi.

Medicinal Uses

Traditionally, Perilla frutescens var. crispa has been used in Chinese medicine and other Asian healing practices to treat a variety of ailments. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (fever-reducing), and antiseptic properties. The leaves, seeds, and oil extracted from the seeds are used in the treatment of asthma, colds, nausea, and to promote a healthy immune system. However, scientific studies to fully validate these claims are limited.

Cultivation

Shiso prefers well-drained, fertile soil and a position in full sun to partial shade. It is relatively easy to grow from seed and can also be propagated from cuttings. The plant is frost-sensitive and thrives in warm, temperate climates. It can be susceptible to pests and diseases common to the mint family, such as powdery mildew and aphids.

Varieties

There are several varieties of Perilla frutescens var. crispa, including green, purple, and bicolor forms. Each variety has its own unique flavor profile and culinary applications. The green variety is more common in Japanese dishes, while the purple variety is often used in Korean cuisine.

Conclusion

Perilla frutescens var. crispa is a versatile and flavorful herb that plays a significant role in Asian cuisine and traditional medicine. Its unique taste and health benefits make it a valuable addition to any garden or kitchen.