Peritoneal

Peritoneal is a term that refers to the peritoneum, a serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity. It supports the organs in the abdomen and also provides a pathway for blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. The peritoneum is made up of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. This membrane is divided into the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs.

Structure

The peritoneum is a continuous membrane which covers the walls of the abdominal-pelvic cavity (parietal peritoneum) and the organs within it (visceral peritoneum). The part of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is known as the parietal peritoneum. The part that covers the organs in the cavity is known as the visceral peritoneum.

Function

The peritoneum supports the organs in the abdominal cavity and allows nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels to pass through to the organs. It also secretes a fluid that allows the abdominal organs to slide smoothly over each other.

Clinical significance

Diseases of the peritoneum are not uncommon and can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Peritonitis, inflammation of the peritoneum, can result from a variety of causes including infection, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, or chemical irritation. Peritoneal carcinomatosis, the spread of malignancy to the peritoneum, is a serious condition with a poor prognosis.

See also

• Peritonitis
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Peritoneal carcinomatosis
• Abdominal cavity
• Mesothelium

References

Peritoneal Resources
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