Persistent stapedial artery

Persistent Stapedial Artery (PSA) is a rare anatomical variant that occurs when the stapedial artery, which normally regresses during fetal development, remains functional in adulthood. This condition is usually asymptomatic and is often discovered incidentally during radiological examinations or surgeries.

Anatomy

The stapedial artery is the main artery supplying the structures of the middle ear during fetal development. It usually regresses by the end of the second trimester, with the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery taking over its functions. In some individuals, however, the stapedial artery persists, leading to a condition known as Persistent Stapedial Artery.

Clinical Significance

Although usually asymptomatic, Persistent Stapedial Artery can sometimes cause symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing loss, or vertigo. It can also complicate certain surgical procedures, such as tympanoplasty or cochlear implant surgery, due to the risk of damaging the artery and causing severe bleeding.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Persistent Stapedial Artery is usually made incidentally during radiological examinations or surgeries. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI can be used to visualize the artery.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for Persistent Stapedial Artery. If the condition is causing symptoms, treatment is aimed at managing the symptoms. If the condition is discovered during surgery, the surgeon must take care to avoid damaging the artery.

See Also

• Stapedial artery
• Internal carotid artery
• External carotid artery