Peshawar

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PeshawarCollage

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Peshawar Main Street by Panjab Digital Library

Joppen 1907 India in the 2nd Century A.D

Takht-e-bahi

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ClockTower-peshawar

Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is one of the oldest cities in South Asia, with a rich history that dates back at least 2,500 years. Located in a broad valley near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass, close to the border with Afghanistan, Peshawar's strategic location has made it a cultural and economic hub for the region.

History

Peshawar's history is deeply intertwined with the various empires and civilizations that have controlled the region. It was a central city of the ancient Gandhara kingdom and later became a vital part of the Silk Road, facilitating trade between the Mediterranean and Central Asia. The city has seen the rise and fall of many empires, including the Persian Empire, Alexander's Empire, the Mauryan Empire, the Gupta Empire, and the Mughal Empire. In the 19th century, it became part of the British Raj until the independence of Pakistan in 1947.

Geography

Peshawar is situated in the western part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. The city is bordered by the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the west and the districts of Charsadda and Nowshera to the north and east, respectively. The region around Peshawar is flat and fertile, making it ideal for agriculture.

Culture

The culture of Peshawar is a blend of various civilizations that have influenced the city over millennia. It is known for its historical gardens, such as the Mughal-era Shalimar Gardens, and its vibrant bazaars, including the famous Qissa Khawani Bazaar, where storytellers once gathered to tell tales of war and love. Peshawar is also home to several historic mosques, including the Mahabat Khan Mosque, a splendid example of Mughal architecture.

Economy

Peshawar's economy is primarily based on agriculture, with wheat, corn, rice, and sugarcane being the major crops. The city is also an important commercial and economic center, with industries such as manufacturing, retail, and services playing significant roles. The proximity to Afghanistan has made Peshawar a key trading hub for goods moving between the two countries.

Education

Peshawar is a center for education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It hosts several universities, including the University of Peshawar, which is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in Pakistan. Other notable institutions include the Khyber Medical University and the Islamia College University, which have contributed significantly to the education and research in the region.

Transport

The city is well-connected by road and rail. The Peshawar International Airport offers domestic and international flights, facilitating travel and commerce. The historic Khyber Train Safari was a popular tourist attraction, offering a unique journey through the Khyber Pass, although its operation has been intermittent in recent years.

Challenges

Peshawar faces several challenges, including security concerns due to its proximity to Afghanistan and the tribal areas of Pakistan. The city has been the site of numerous terrorist attacks over the years. Additionally, rapid urbanization and population growth have strained its infrastructure and resources, leading to issues such as traffic congestion and pollution.

Conclusion

Peshawar remains a city of great historical and cultural significance. Despite its challenges, it continues to be a vibrant community with a rich heritage and a promising future.