Petrochemicals

Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane.

History

The two years of industrial chemistry began in the 19th century with the use of coal gas for lighting. Petrochemicals were revolutionized in the early 20th century with the invention of the cracking process.

Production

Petrochemicals are produced in a process called cracking. This process involves the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones. The production of petrochemicals involves a wide range of processes, including steam cracking, and catalytic reforming. They are often grouped into two categories: olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene, toluene and xylene isomers).

Uses

Petrochemicals are used in a wide variety of products, including plastics, rubber, fertilizers, detergents, dyes, resins, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic fibers. They are also used in the production of other chemicals.

Environmental Impact

The production and use of petrochemicals can have a significant impact on the environment. This includes air and water pollution, soil contamination, and the production of greenhouse gases.

See Also

• Oil refinery
• Chemical industry
• Plastic
• Fertilizer