Petrous part of the temporal bone

The petrous part of the temporal bone, shown in red.

The Petrous part of the temporal bone (also known as Pars petrosa) is one of the most important parts of the temporal bone. It is located at the base of the skull, and is shaped like a pyramid. The name "petrous" comes from the Latin word "petrosus", which means "rocky", indicating the bone's hard, dense nature.

Anatomy

The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. The apex of the pyramid points towards the back of the skull, while the base forms part of the floor of the middle cranial fossa.

Structure

The petrous part of the temporal bone consists of three surfaces and three angles. The surfaces are the anterior (front), posterior (back), and inferior (bottom). The angles are the superior (top), inferior, and posterior.

Function

The petrous part of the temporal bone houses the structures of the inner ear, which are responsible for hearing and balance. It also contains the carotid canal, which allows the internal carotid artery to pass through, supplying blood to the brain.

Clinical Significance

Due to its location and the vital structures it houses, damage to the petrous part of the temporal bone can lead to serious complications, including hearing loss, vertigo, and facial paralysis.

See Also

• Temporal bone
• Skull
• Inner ear