Phenanthroline
Phenanthroline (phen) is a heterocyclic organic compound. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is used widely as a chelating agent and an indicator. Its name is derived from the parent compound phenanthrene.
Structure and properties[edit | edit source]
Phenanthroline is a tricyclic compound and a bipyridine, consisting of two pyridyl rings bridged by a 2,9-diazabicyclo[6.6.2]decane group. The molecule is flat and approximately rectangular, the dimensions of the rectangle being 1.10 × 0.67 nm.
Synthesis[edit | edit source]
Phenanthroline may be prepared by two successive Skraup reactions of glycerol with o-phenylenediamine, catalyzed by sulfuric acid, and dehydrating the resulting tetrahydrophenanthroline with zinc dust and acetic acid.
Uses[edit | edit source]
Phenanthroline is a widely used ligand in coordination chemistry. It forms strong complexes with most metal ions. In these complexes, phenanthroline is neutral and acts as a tridentate ligand.
Safety[edit | edit source]
Phenanthroline can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Phenanthroline Resources | ||
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