Phenolic acid

Phenolic acids are a type of polyphenol found in a variety of plant-based foods. The two main types are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, both of which are non-flavonoid polyphenols. Phenolic acids are found in a wide variety of plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

Structure and Classification

Phenolic acids are characterized by the presence of a phenolic ring. They are classified into two main types based on the number of carbon atoms in the side chain: the C6-C1 group, which includes hydroxybenzoic acids, and the C6-C3 group, which includes hydroxycinnamic acids.

Hydroxybenzoic Acids

Hydroxybenzoic acids, which have a C6-C1 structure, include gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid. They are less commonly found in foods compared to hydroxycinnamic acids.

Hydroxycinnamic Acids

Hydroxycinnamic acids, which have a C6-C3 structure, include caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and p-coumaric acid. They are more commonly found in foods compared to hydroxybenzoic acids.

Health Benefits

Phenolic acids have been studied for their potential health benefits. They are known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. They may also have potential benefits for heart health and diabetes management.

Food Sources

Phenolic acids are found in a wide variety of plant-based foods. Some of the richest sources include berries, tea, coffee, whole grains, and legumes.

See Also

• Polyphenol
• Flavonoid
• Antioxidant
• Anti-inflammatory