Pheomelanin

Pheomelanin is a type of melanin that is yellow to red in color. It is found in higher quantities in individuals with lighter skin tones and is responsible for the color of red hair. Pheomelanin is also present in the retina and the brain, where it may play a role in certain neurological functions.

Structure and Function

Pheomelanin is a polymer made up of units that are closely related to the amino acid tyrosine. The exact structure of pheomelanin is not well understood, but it is known to be less stable and less protective against ultraviolet (UV) radiation than eumelanin, the other major type of melanin.

Pheomelanin is produced in the melanocytes, specialized cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis. The production of pheomelanin is controlled by the MC1R gene. Variations in this gene can lead to increased production of pheomelanin and decreased production of eumelanin, resulting in red hair and fair skin.

Health Implications

Because pheomelanin is less protective against UV radiation than eumelanin, individuals with high levels of pheomelanin are at increased risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. Pheomelanin may also contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, as it can bind to and potentially damage neurons in the brain.

See Also

• Melanin
• Eumelanin
• Melanocyte
• MC1R
• Skin cancer
• Parkinson's disease

Pheomelanin Resources
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