Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, commonly known as Ayutthaya, is a city in the Central Thailand region of Thailand. It is the capital of Ayutthaya Province and was the second capital of the Siamese Kingdom after Sukhothai. Founded around 1350 by King U Thong, who declared it the capital of his kingdom, Ayutthaya was a flourishing international trading port and one of the world's largest cities by 1700, with a population of around 1 million people. Its cosmopolitan nature is reflected in its architecture and the diversity of languages spoken there. The city was named after Ayodhya, a city in the Ramayana, which signifies the city's importance in Thai culture and heritage.

History

The history of Ayutthaya spans over four centuries of prosperity and power followed by decline and destruction. The city was strategically located on an island surrounded by three rivers connecting it to the sea, which protected it from invasion and facilitated trade with foreign countries. Ayutthaya became a hub for international trade between the East and the West, and its wealth attracted traders from across the world, including the Portuguese, Dutch, French, English, and Japanese.

In 1767, after a 14-month siege, the city was destroyed by the Burmese army, leading to the collapse of the kingdom. The ruins of Ayutthaya, characterized by the prang (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, many of which are still standing today, were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.

Geography

Ayutthaya is located in the flat river plain of the Chao Phraya River valley. The city is surrounded by three rivers – the Chao Phraya, the Lopburi, and the Pa Sak. This strategic location not only made it a prosperous trade center but also a site of strategic military importance.

Culture

The culture of Ayutthaya was a rich tapestry woven from the diverse peoples who came to trade, settle, and influence the Siamese court. The city was known for its tolerance and cosmopolitan nature, where foreign traders and missionaries coexisted with the local population. This cultural exchange is evident in the art, architecture, and cuisine of Ayutthaya, which incorporates elements from across Asia and Europe.

Tourism

Today, Ayutthaya is a major tourist attraction, known for its impressive ruins, which give a glimpse into the city's past splendor. Visitors can explore the ancient temples, palaces, and statues by bicycle, boat, or on foot. Among the most famous sites are Wat Phra Mahathat, with its iconic Buddha head entwined in the roots of a banyan tree, and Wat Chaiwatthanaram, a beautiful monastery on the river's edge.

Economy

The economy of Ayutthaya has traditionally been based on agriculture, particularly rice farming. However, in recent years, tourism has become increasingly important, contributing significantly to the local economy. The city also has a growing industrial sector, thanks to its proximity to Bangkok and the establishment of several industrial parks.

Transport

Ayutthaya is well-connected by road, rail, and river. The city is just a short train or bus ride from Bangkok, making it an easy day trip for tourists. Within the city, bicycles and tuk-tuks are popular modes of transport for exploring the ancient ruins.

See Also

• History of Thailand
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Thailand
• Tourism in Thailand