Physalis

Physalis is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), known for its unique fruit encased in a papery husk. The genus includes species commonly known as cape gooseberries, groundcherries, and Chinese lanterns. Physalis species are found in warm temperate and subtropical regions around the world.

Description

Physalis plants are characterized by their small, orange to yellowish fruit, which is surrounded by a large, inflated calyx. The calyx resembles a paper lantern, hence the common name for some species. The plants can be annuals, perennials, or shrubs, depending on the species. They bear simple, alternate leaves and produce small, bell-shaped flowers that are usually yellow with dark spots in the throat.

Taxonomy

The genus Physalis belongs to the family Solanaceae, which also includes other economically important plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, and tobacco. Within the genus, there are about 75 to 90 species, with the exact number varying due to differing taxonomic opinions.

Distribution and Habitat

Physalis species are native to the Americas but have been introduced to many other parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, and Africa. They typically grow in open, sunny locations and are often found in disturbed areas such as roadsides and cultivated fields.

Uses

Several Physalis species are cultivated for their edible fruit. The most well-known is Physalis peruviana, commonly known as the cape gooseberry or goldenberry, which is valued for its sweet, tangy fruit. Physalis ixocarpa, known as the tomatillo, is a staple in Mexican cuisine, used especially for green salsas. In addition to their culinary uses, some Physalis species are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive lantern-like calyces.

Cultivation

Physalis species are generally easy to grow from seed and prefer well-drained soil in a sunny position. They are relatively drought-tolerant but produce better fruit with regular watering. The plants can be susceptible to pests and diseases common to the Solanaceae family, such as aphids, whiteflies, and blight.

Conservation

While many Physalis species are common and not considered at risk, there are some species with limited distributions that are threatened by habitat loss and other environmental pressures. Conservation efforts for these species include habitat protection and seed banking.

Gallery

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  Physalis peruviana fruit

• Physalis alkekengi lanterns.jpg

  Chinese lanterns (Physalis alkekengi)

See also

• Solanaceae
• Tomato
• Potato
• Tobacco

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