Phytonutrients

Phytonutrients or phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants. They are responsible for the plant's color, aroma, and flavor. More importantly, they have potential health benefits for humans when consumed. Phytonutrients are not essential for keeping you alive, unlike the vitamins and minerals that plants and animals need. But when you eat or drink phytonutrients, they can help prevent disease and keep your body working properly.

Types of Phytonutrients

There are more than 25,000 known phytonutrients, and there are likely many more yet to be discovered. They are classified into several groups, including carotenoids, flavonoids, resveratrol, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, and phytosterols.

Carotenoids

Carotenoids are the pigments that give fruits and vegetables their bright colors. They are powerful antioxidants that can protect the body from harmful free radicals. There are more than 600 different types of carotenoids, but the most common ones are beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein.

Flavonoids

Flavonoids are a diverse group of phytonutrients found in almost all fruits and vegetables. They are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory health benefits. The most common types of flavonoids include quercetin, catechins, and anthocyanins.

Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a type of natural phenol produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens. It is found in the skin of red grapes, red wine, and peanuts.

Glucosinolates

Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and kale. They have been shown to have anti-cancer properties.

Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds found in a wide variety of foods, most notably soy. They have a similar structure to the female sex hormone estrogen and have been found to have health benefits related to menopausal symptoms and bone health.

Phytosterols

Phytosterols are plant compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol. They can help to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Health Benefits of Phytonutrients

Phytonutrients have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and they can also enhance immunity, repair DNA damage from exposure to toxins, detoxify carcinogens and alter estrogen metabolism. Consuming a phytonutrient-rich diet seems to be an effective strategy for reducing cancer and heart disease risks.

Sources of Phytonutrients

Phytonutrients are found in a variety of foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, beans, and tea. The best way to get a full range of phytonutrients is to eat a diet that includes as many different fruits and vegetables as possible.

See Also

• Antioxidants
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Dietary fiber