Plains Indian Sign Language

File:Indian Sign Language Council (1930).webm

Plains Indian Sign Language - dec 28 1900

Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL), also known as Plains Sign Talk, is a language of signs historically used by Indigenous peoples of the Plains in North America. It served as a lingua franca among various Native American tribes, allowing communication across language barriers. PISL is unique among sign languages for its wide use among non-deaf individuals, serving not only those with hearing impairments but also as a tool for intertribal diplomacy, trade, and storytelling.

History

The origins of Plains Indian Sign Language are not well-documented, but it is believed to have been in use before European contact, with some estimates suggesting its use as early as 500 years ago. PISL spread widely across the Great Plains, from the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River, and from Canada to Mexico, making it one of the most widespread sign languages in the world.

Usage

PISL was not only a means of communication between tribes with different spoken languages but also served as a ceremonial language and a means of transmitting cultural traditions. It was used in trade, negotiations, and storytelling, and played a crucial role in the preservation of peace among the diverse tribes of the Plains.

Characteristics

Plains Indian Sign Language is characterized by its use of the hands, face, and body to convey meaning. It includes a wide range of signs that can express concrete as well as abstract concepts, emotions, and actions. The language is known for its fluidity and expressiveness, with a syntax that differs significantly from that of English and other spoken languages.

Decline and Revitalization

The use of PISL has declined significantly since the late 19th century, due to the assimilation policies of the United States and Canada, which included the suppression of indigenous languages. However, there has been a growing interest in revitalizing the language, with efforts from indigenous communities, linguists, and historians. Workshops, classes, and conferences have been organized to teach PISL to new generations, aiming to preserve this important cultural heritage.

Recognition

Plains Indian Sign Language is recognized as a critical aspect of the cultural heritage of the Plains tribes. Efforts to document and revitalize the language have gained support from various organizations and institutions, acknowledging the importance of PISL in the history and culture of the indigenous peoples of North America.