Pneumonia front

Pneumonia is an infectious disease affecting one or both lungs in humans. It is characterized by the inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. The condition can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and can result in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Causes

Pneumonia is caused by several infectious agents. The most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae, while viral pneumonia is frequently caused by influenza. Other pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila can also cause pneumonia.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of pneumonia can include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. The diagnosis is typically made based on the clinical history and physical examination, supported by chest X-rays and blood tests. In some cases, sputum analysis and pulse oximetry may be used to further assess the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for pneumonia depends on the underlying cause. Antibiotics are used for bacterial pneumonia, while viral pneumonia may require antiviral medications. Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and hydration, is important for all patients. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventive measures against pneumonia include vaccination against pneumococcal bacteria, influenza, and other pathogens. Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, can also reduce the risk of acquiring respiratory infections.

Epidemiology

Pneumonia is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly among the very young, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. It is a significant public health issue, with millions of cases occurring globally each year.

See Also

• Respiratory system
• Infectious disease
• Pulmonary alveolus
• Vaccination