Poa

Poa is a large genus of grasses, commonly referred to as bluegrasses, belonging to the family Poaceae. The genus is widespread across temperate and subarctic regions of the world. The name "Poa" is derived from the Greek word for "fodder". Members of this genus are important both ecologically and economically, with several species used as forage and turfgrass.

Taxonomy

The genus Poa was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is part of the Pooideae subfamily, which includes other economically important grasses such as wheat and barley.

Species

There are over 500 species within the genus Poa. Some of the most notable species include:

• Poa pratensis - Commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass, it is widely used in lawns and pastures.
• Poa annua - Known as annual bluegrass, it is a common weed in lawns and gardens.
• Poa trivialis - Rough bluegrass, often used in cool, moist environments.

Morphology

Poa species are typically perennial grasses, although some are annuals. They have narrow, linear leaves with a boat-shaped tip, a characteristic feature of the genus. The inflorescence is a panicle, which can vary in size and shape among species.

Leaves

The leaves of Poa species are generally soft and flexible, with a distinctive keel-like shape. The ligule is membranous and varies in length.

Flowers

The flowers are small and arranged in spikelets. Each spikelet contains multiple florets, which are typically bisexual. The glumes are unequal, and the lemma is often keeled.

Ecology

Poa species are adapted to a wide range of habitats, from alpine regions to lowland meadows. They are important components of grassland ecosystems, providing habitat and food for various wildlife species.

Uses

Several Poa species are cultivated for use as turfgrass in lawns, sports fields, and golf courses. Poa pratensis is particularly valued for its fine texture and ability to form a dense, resilient turf.

Cultivation

Poa species are generally easy to cultivate, requiring well-drained soil and adequate sunlight. They are tolerant of a range of soil types but prefer fertile, loamy soils.

Pests and Diseases

Poa species can be affected by various pests and diseases, including:

• Rust
• Powdery mildew
• Leaf spot

Conservation

While many Poa species are widespread and not considered threatened, habitat loss and environmental changes can impact certain populations. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting sustainable land management practices.

External Links

• Poa at Kew Science
• USDA Plants Profile: Poa

Poa Resources
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