Politics of Australia

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The Politics of Australia takes place within the framework of a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. Australia is a Commonwealth realm and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The political system is characterized by a division of powers between the federal government and the states and territories.

Constitutional framework

Australia's political system is based on the Constitution of Australia, which came into effect on 1 January 1901. The Constitution establishes the structure of the federal government, delineates the powers of the federal and state governments, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens.

Federal government

The federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.

Executive branch

The executive branch is headed by the Monarch, represented in Australia by the Governor-General. The Governor-General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, who are responsible for the administration of government policies and the day-to-day operations of the government.

Legislative branch

The legislative branch, known as the Parliament of Australia, is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and territories, while the House of Representatives represents the population at large. Members of both houses are elected by the people.

Judicial branch

The judicial branch is headed by the High Court of Australia, which has the authority to interpret the Constitution and adjudicate disputes between the federal and state governments. The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches.

State and territory governments

Australia is composed of six states and two territories, each with its own government. The states are New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. The territories are the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Each state and territory has its own constitution, parliament, and judiciary.

Political parties

Australia has a multi-party system, with the two dominant parties being the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Liberal Party, which often forms a coalition with the National Party. Other significant parties include the Australian Greens and various minor parties and independents.

Elections

Elections in Australia are held at the federal, state, and local levels. Federal elections are held every three years for the House of Representatives and half of the Senate. Voting is compulsory for all eligible citizens, and elections are conducted using a preferential voting system.

Political issues

Key political issues in Australia include Indigenous Australian rights, climate change, immigration, and economic policy. The country has a strong tradition of political debate and civic engagement.

Related pages

• Constitution of Australia
• Governor-General of Australia
• Prime Minister of Australia
• Parliament of Australia
• Australian Senate
• Australian House of Representatives
• High Court of Australia
• Australian Labor Party
• Liberal Party of Australia
• National Party of Australia
• Australian Greens
• Elections in Australia