Polyp

A Polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine. Some polyps are tumours (neoplasms) and others are nonneoplastic (for example, hyperplastic or dysplastic).

Types

The following types of polyps occur in the human body:

• Adenomatous polyps: These are precancerous and, if left untreated, can develop into colon cancer.
• Hyperplastic polyps: These are usually benign and not likely to become cancerous.
• Inflammatory polyps: These often occur after an injury or inflammation.
• Hamartomatous polyps: These are usually benign and are associated with certain syndromes when they occur in children.
• Serrated polyps: These can become cancerous if not removed.

Symptoms

Polyps can grow large enough to cause symptoms such as:

• Bleeding
• Pain
• Obstruction
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

Diagnosis

Polyps are diagnosed using different tests, including:

• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Barium enema
• CT colonography

Treatment

Treatment for polyps depends on their location, size, and whether they are cancerous. Treatment options include:

• Polypectomy
• Colectomy
• Medication

See also

• Colon (anatomy)
• Colorectal cancer
• Colorectal polyp
• Endoscopy
• Gastroenterology
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Oncology