Posterior teeth

An overview of posterior teeth in human dentition

Overview

Diagram of posterior teeth

The term posterior teeth refers to the group of teeth located at the back of the oral cavity. These teeth include the premolars and molars, which are primarily responsible for grinding and chewing food. Posterior teeth are crucial for the proper mastication process and play a significant role in maintaining the overall occlusion and dental arch integrity.

Anatomy of Posterior Teeth

Posterior teeth are characterized by their broad and flat surfaces, which are designed to efficiently break down food. Each tooth in this group has a specific structure that aids in its function:

Premolars

Premolars, also known as bicuspids, are located between the canines and the molars. Humans typically have two premolars per quadrant, making a total of eight premolars in the permanent dentition. Premolars have two cusps on their biting surface, which help in tearing and grinding food.

Molars

Molars are the largest teeth in the human mouth and are located at the back of the dental arch. There are three molars per quadrant in the permanent dentition, including the third molar or wisdom tooth. Molars have multiple cusps and a larger surface area, which makes them ideal for grinding food into smaller, more digestible pieces.

Function

The primary function of posterior teeth is to facilitate the mastication process. They break down food into smaller particles, making it easier to swallow and digest. This process is essential for proper digestion and nutrient absorption. Additionally, posterior teeth help maintain the vertical dimension of the face and support the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Common Issues

Posterior teeth are susceptible to various dental issues, including:

• Dental caries: Due to their location and function, posterior teeth are prone to cavities, especially in the pits and fissures of the molars.
• Periodontal disease: Poor oral hygiene can lead to gum disease, which can affect the supporting structures of the posterior teeth.
• Bruxism: Grinding or clenching of teeth can cause wear and damage to the posterior teeth.

Care and Maintenance

Proper oral hygiene practices are essential to maintain the health of posterior teeth. This includes regular brushing, flossing, and routine dental check-ups. Dental sealants may be applied to the molars to protect them from decay.

Related pages

• Tooth development
• Dental anatomy
• Oral hygiene
• Temporomandibular joint disorder