Preauricular sinus
Preauricular Sinus[edit | edit source]
A preauricular sinus is a congenital malformation characterized by a small opening or pit located near the front of the ear. This condition is typically benign but can sometimes lead to complications such as infections or cyst formation.
Anatomy and Development[edit | edit source]
The preauricular sinus is a result of incomplete fusion of the auricular hillocks during embryonic development. These hillocks are small swellings that form around the first and second branchial arches and contribute to the development of the external ear.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Preauricular sinuses are relatively common, with a prevalence that varies by population. They are more frequently observed in individuals of African and Asian descent. The condition is often hereditary, following an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expressivity.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Most individuals with a preauricular sinus are asymptomatic. However, some may experience:
- Recurrent infections
- Swelling or tenderness around the sinus
- Discharge from the sinus
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the sinus. In cases of recurrent infection or complications, imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the extent of the sinus tract.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment is not necessary for asymptomatic preauricular sinuses. In cases of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. Surgical excision is considered for recurrent infections or if the sinus causes significant problems.
Complications[edit | edit source]
Potential complications include:
- Recurrent infections
- Abscess formation
- Cyst development
Genetics[edit | edit source]
The genetic basis of preauricular sinuses is not fully understood, but they are often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Genetic counseling may be offered to affected families.
See Also[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Preauricular sinus is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
