Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1

Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSG1 gene. It is a member of the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) family, which is a subgroup of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family.

Function

PSG1 is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast, a tissue layer that forms the outer layer of the placenta during pregnancy. The exact function of PSG1 is not fully understood, but it is believed to play a role in modulating the immune system during pregnancy. Some studies suggest that PSG1 may also play a role in promoting trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis, which are crucial for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy.

Structure

PSG1 is a glycoprotein, meaning it is a protein with an attached carbohydrate group. It is composed of a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a small cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain contains several immunoglobulin-like domains, which are thought to be involved in the protein's function in immune modulation.

Clinical significance

Alterations in PSG1 expression have been associated with various pregnancy-related disorders, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage. However, more research is needed to fully understand the role of PSG1 in these conditions.

See also

• Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein
• Carcinoembryonic antigen
• Syncytiotrophoblast
• Placenta
• Trophoblast

References

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