Prematurity

Prematurity is a term used to describe the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age. These babies are often referred to as premature or preemies. Premature babies may have complex medical needs and may need to stay in the hospital longer than babies born later. The cause of preterm birth is often exactly not known, but it may happen due to conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more than one baby, being either obese or underweight, or due to a number of infections and chronic conditions.

Causes

There are many potential causes of prematurity, but often the specific cause is unclear. Some risk factors associated with preterm birth include previous preterm birth, a short cervix, certain infections, twin pregnancy, and certain lifestyle factors such as smoking and substance abuse. Preterm labor and premature birth might happen because the uterine or cervical muscles malfunction, or because the fetal membranes rupture too soon.

Complications

Premature babies are at a higher risk for a range of long-term complications and disabilities, and the earlier a baby is born, the higher the risk of complications. Premature babies are at risk for having neurological disorders, including cerebral palsy and motor impairment. They may also have developmental issues, including lower IQ and behavioral problems.

Prevention

While not all preterm births can be prevented, there are certain things that a woman can do to increase her chances of having a full-term pregnancy. This includes getting regular prenatal care, avoiding drugs and alcohol, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight.

Treatment

Treatment of premature babies might involve care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and may include temperature controlled beds, feeding assistance, and sometimes surgery.

See Also

• Neonatology
• Infant mortality
• Low birth weight
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Preterm birth