Prevertebral fascia

Diagram showing the prevertebral fascia in relation to other cervical structures.

The prevertebral fascia is a layer of deep cervical fascia that surrounds the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it. It is an important anatomical structure in the neck, providing a protective layer and facilitating the movement of the neck and head.

Anatomy

The prevertebral fascia is located posterior to the pharynx and esophagus, and anterior to the vertebral column. It extends from the base of the skull to the level of the third thoracic vertebra, where it blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament.

Layers

The prevertebral fascia is part of the deep cervical fascia, which is divided into several layers:

• The superficial layer, which covers the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
• The middle layer, which includes the pretracheal fascia and surrounds the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus.
• The deep layer, which includes the prevertebral fascia and surrounds the vertebral column and associated muscles.

Attachments

The prevertebral fascia attaches to the following structures:

• Superiorly, it is attached to the base of the skull.
• Inferiorly, it blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament at the level of the third thoracic vertebra.
• Laterally, it extends to the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae.

Function

The prevertebral fascia serves several important functions:

• Protection: It provides a protective layer for the cervical vertebrae and associated muscles.
• Support: It supports the vertebral column and helps maintain the alignment of the cervical spine.
• Facilitation of Movement: It allows for smooth movement of the neck and head by reducing friction between the muscles and other structures.

Clinical Significance

The prevertebral fascia is clinically significant because it can be involved in the spread of infections and tumors. Infections in the retropharyngeal space, which is located between the prevertebral fascia and the pharynx, can spread to the mediastinum, leading to serious complications.

Related Pages

• Deep cervical fascia
• Vertebral column
• Cervical vertebrae
• Retropharyngeal space