Principality

Principality of Liechtenstein

Portrait of Johann Josef I, Prince of Liechtenstein

The Principality of Liechtenstein is a small, doubly landlocked country situated in the heart of Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. Despite its small size, Liechtenstein is known for its robust financial sector, high standard of living, and rich cultural heritage.

History

The history of Liechtenstein dates back to the early 18th century when the House of Liechtenstein acquired the lordships of Schellenberg and the county of Vaduz. These acquisitions were crucial for the establishment of the principality, as they provided the necessary territorial base for the creation of a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1719, Emperor Charles VI decreed that the lands of Vaduz and Schellenberg would be elevated to the status of a principality, thus creating the Principality of Liechtenstein. The principality is named after the Liechtenstein family, who were elevated to princely status and have ruled the country ever since.

Geography

Liechtenstein is one of the world's smallest countries, with an area of approximately 160 square kilometers. The country is predominantly mountainous, with the Alps covering much of its territory. The Rhine River forms the western border with Switzerland.

Government and Politics

Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein. The current prince is Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, who has reigned since 1989. The political system is a parliamentary democracy, with a unicameral parliament known as the Landtag.

The government is headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the prince. The political landscape in Liechtenstein is characterized by a stable multi-party system, with the Progressive Citizens' Party and the Patriotic Union being the two dominant parties.

Economy

Liechtenstein has a highly developed, free-market economy, with a strong financial sector that includes banking, insurance, and investment services. The country is known for its favorable tax policies, which have attracted numerous international businesses and financial institutions.

The industrial sector is also significant, with companies specializing in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and precision instruments. Agriculture plays a minor role in the economy, with most of the food being imported.

Culture

Liechtenstein has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its German-speaking neighbors. The country celebrates various traditional festivals and events, such as the annual Liechtenstein National Day on August 15th.

The arts are well-supported, with numerous museums, galleries, and theaters. The Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna houses an extensive collection of art and artifacts belonging to the princely family.

Also see

• House of Liechtenstein
• Vaduz
• Schellenberg
• Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
• Liechtenstein National Day