Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a pre-malignant condition in the prostate, a small gland that produces seminal fluid in men. PIN is characterized by changes in the microscopic appearance of prostate gland cells, which are indicative of a potentially increased risk of developing prostate cancer.

Overview

PIN is not a cancer, but it can be a precursor to cancer. It is found in the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body.

Types

There are two types of PIN: low-grade and high-grade. Low-grade PIN is not very likely to become cancer. High-grade PIN is more likely to lead to cancer and is often found in men who have prostate cancer.

Symptoms

PIN does not usually cause symptoms. Most men with PIN do not know they have it until it is found during a routine checkup. If symptoms do occur, they may include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or semen, and pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs.

Diagnosis

PIN is usually found during a routine checkup when a doctor performs a digital rectal exam (DRE) or a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. If these tests suggest that the prostate is not normal, the doctor may recommend a prostate biopsy to check for PIN or cancer.

Treatment

The treatment for PIN depends on whether it is low-grade or high-grade. Low-grade PIN may not require treatment but will need to be monitored closely. High-grade PIN may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy.

See also

• Prostate cancer
• Prostate-specific antigen
• Digital rectal exam

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia Resources
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