Prostatic plexus (nervous)

Prostatic Plexus (Nervous)

The prostatic plexus is a network of nerves located in the male reproductive system, specifically in the prostate gland. It plays a crucial role in the innervation of the prostate and is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals to and from the gland. In this article, we will explore the anatomy, function, and clinical significance of the prostatic plexus.

Anatomy

The prostatic plexus is formed by the merging of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves. It is situated on the posterior surface of the prostate gland, surrounding the base of the bladder and the urethra. The plexus receives contributions from various sources, including the pelvic plexus, hypogastric plexus, and inferior hypogastric plexus.

The sympathetic nerves that contribute to the prostatic plexus arise from the superior hypogastric plexus, which is a continuation of the sympathetic trunk. These nerves travel along the pelvic sidewalls and eventually reach the prostate gland. They are responsible for regulating the contraction of smooth muscles within the prostate.

Parasympathetic fibers, on the other hand, originate from the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which arise from the sacral spinal cord segments S2-S4. These nerves travel through the pelvic plexus and merge with the prostatic plexus. Parasympathetic innervation is essential for the secretion of prostatic fluid and the contraction of smooth muscles during ejaculation.

Sensory nerves also contribute to the prostatic plexus, providing innervation to the prostate gland. These nerves transmit sensory information, such as pain and touch, from the prostate to the central nervous system.

Function

The prostatic plexus plays a vital role in the regulation of prostate function. It is involved in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the gland.

Sympathetic innervation from the prostatic plexus regulates the contraction of smooth muscles within the prostate. These contractions help propel prostatic fluid into the urethra during ejaculation. Additionally, sympathetic stimulation can cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels within the prostate, affecting blood flow to the gland.

Parasympathetic innervation, on the other hand, is responsible for the secretion of prostatic fluid. This fluid, along with seminal vesicle secretions and sperm, forms semen. Parasympathetic stimulation also leads to the contraction of smooth muscles within the prostate, aiding in the expulsion of semen during ejaculation.

Sensory nerves within the prostatic plexus transmit pain and touch sensations from the prostate to the central nervous system. This allows for the perception of pain or discomfort in the prostate region, which can be indicative of various prostate conditions.

Clinical Significance

The prostatic plexus has clinical significance in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate-related conditions. Prostate cancer, for example, can spread to the prostatic plexus, leading to the involvement of nearby lymph nodes and potentially distant metastasis. Understanding the anatomy and pathways of the prostatic plexus is crucial for staging and treating prostate cancer.

Furthermore, surgical procedures involving the prostate, such as prostatectomy, can potentially damage the prostatic plexus. This can result in various complications, including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Surgeons must be cautious during these procedures to minimize damage to the plexus and preserve its function.