Protein binding

Protein Binding

Protein binding refers to the process where proteins interact with other molecules, typically other proteins, but also with lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, small molecules, and metals. This interaction is a critical aspect of protein function and is involved in various biological processes, including cellular function, metabolism, and disease progression.

Mechanism

Protein binding occurs through various types of chemical bonds, including ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces. The specific nature of the binding depends on the properties of the protein and the other molecule. For example, enzymes bind to their substrates through a specific active site, while antibodies bind to antigens through a variable region.

Role in Pharmacology

In pharmacology, protein binding is a significant factor in the pharmacokinetics of a drug. When a drug is administered, it may bind to plasma proteins, which can affect the drug's distribution and elimination. The extent of protein binding can influence the drug's bioavailability, half-life, and potential for drug interactions.

Protein-Protein Interactions

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are a type of protein binding that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. PPIs can be transient, as in signal transduction, or permanent, as in the formation of protein complexes. The study of PPIs is a significant area of research in molecular biology and proteomics.

See Also

• Affinity (biochemistry)
• Binding site
• Drug-protein binding
• Protein-ligand binding