Pterocarpus santalinus

Pterocarpus santalinus, commonly known as Red Sandalwood or Red Sanders, is a species of Pterocarpus, native to the southern Eastern Ghats mountain range of South India. This species is valued for its richly hued timber and is also used in traditional medicine. Due to overexploitation and habitat loss, Pterocarpus santalinus has been listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Description

Pterocarpus santalinus is a deciduous tree, growing to 5–8 meters in height with a trunk diameter of 50–150 cm. The leaves are alternate, simple, and have a leathery texture. The flowers are yellowish, arranged in dense terminal panicles. The fruit is a pod, containing one or two seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Pterocarpus santalinus is endemic to the southern parts of the Eastern Ghats in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It prefers dry, deciduous forests and is found at altitudes of 200–900 meters above sea level.

Uses

Traditional Medicine

In traditional Indian medicine, Pterocarpus santalinus is used to treat digestive problems, fluid retention, and coughs. It is also applied topically to treat skin diseases.

Timber

The wood of Pterocarpus santalinus is highly valued for its distinctive deep red color, durability, and resistance to termites. It is used in fine woodworking, including furniture, musical instruments, and carvings. The wood is also used in traditional medicine and dyeing.

Conservation

Due to its high commercial value, Pterocarpus santalinus has been overexploited for its timber, leading to a significant decline in its population. The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Conservation efforts include habitat protection, cultivation, and regulation of trade.

Cultural Significance

In addition to its economic and medicinal value, Pterocarpus santalinus holds cultural significance in India. It is used in various religious and social ceremonies.

See Also

• Endangered species
• Medicinal plants
• Non-timber forest products

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