Pullorum disease

Pullorum disease is a bacterial infection that primarily affects poultry, including chickens and turkeys. It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella pullorum and is characterized by high mortality rates in chicks and poults. The disease is transmitted vertically, from the hen to the egg, and can also be spread through contaminated feed and water.

History

Pullorum disease was first identified in the early 20th century. It was a significant problem in the poultry industry until the development of a blood test in the 1920s, which allowed for the identification and culling of infected birds. Despite these measures, pullorum disease remains a problem in backyard and free-range poultry flocks.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pullorum disease vary depending on the age of the bird. In chicks and poults, symptoms can include lethargy, lack of appetite, and a white diarrhea. In adult birds, symptoms are often less severe, but can include decreased egg production and fertility.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pullorum disease is typically made through a blood test, which can identify the presence of Salmonella pullorum antibodies. Other diagnostic methods include bacterial culture and PCR testing.

Treatment and Control

There is no effective treatment for pullorum disease. Control measures include the culling of infected birds and strict biosecurity practices to prevent the spread of the disease. Vaccination is not typically used, as it does not prevent infection, but can reduce the severity of symptoms.

Impact on the Poultry Industry

Pullorum disease has a significant impact on the poultry industry, particularly in developing countries where control measures are less stringent. It can cause significant economic losses due to decreased egg production and high mortality rates in chicks and poults.

See Also

• Avian diseases
• Salmonella
• Poultry farming