Pulmonary embolectomy

Pulmonary Embolectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of an embolus or clot from the pulmonary artery. This procedure is typically performed in emergency situations when a patient is suffering from a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition.

History

The first successful pulmonary embolectomy was performed in 1924 by Dr. Frederick Trendelenburg. Since then, the procedure has evolved with advancements in medical technology and understanding of thromboembolic disease.

Indications

Pulmonary embolectomy is indicated in cases of massive pulmonary embolism, where the clot is causing significant obstruction to blood flow in the lungs. This can lead to right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock, which are life-threatening conditions. The procedure may also be considered in cases where anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated or has failed.

Procedure

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart and lungs. The pulmonary artery is then clamped and the clot is removed. The artery is then repaired and blood flow is restored. The patient is then taken off cardiopulmonary bypass and the chest is closed.

Risks and Complications

As with any major surgery, pulmonary embolectomy carries risks. These include bleeding, infection, arrhythmia, stroke, and death. Complications specific to this procedure include reperfusion injury and pulmonary hypertension.

Prognosis

The prognosis following pulmonary embolectomy depends on a variety of factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and location of the clot, and the presence of any underlying conditions. With prompt treatment, many patients can expect a good recovery.

See Also

• Pulmonary Embolism
• Thrombectomy
• Cardiopulmonary Bypass